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| 作者: 郝老师
时间: 2006-8-22 16:17:10 |
it用作代词,有“实义”和“虚义”之分。所谓“实义”指的是有一定的词汇意义；所谓“虚义”指的是没有任何词汇意义，只是有某种语法功用。
一．“实义”的it：
1.指除人以外的任何事物。例：
There is a horse under the tree. It is very strong.
2.用来指自然现象、时间、距离等。例：
It is fine today.
What time is now? It is half past nine.
How far is it from our school to the factory? It is about two kilometers.
3.指做某种动作的人，一般用于小孩或不明身份的人。例：
Who is knocking at the door? It’s me.
Who is the baby? It’s my teacher’s son.
4.指前面已提到的或将会发生的某件事情。例：
I had a talk with Comrade Wu. It was very helpful.
It would be wonderful if you could join us.
二、“虚义”的it：
1.作形式主语：当真实主语由动词不定式、动名词或从句表示时，常用it作形式主语。例：
a.代替动词不定式：It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day.
What find it difficult to learn English well in such a short time.
b.代表动名词：It’s no use telling him about it.
It’s dangerous playing with fire.
c.代表主语从句：It seems that he is making great progress in his English study.
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
2.作形式宾语：当真实宾语由不定式、动名词或从句表示，其后又有宾语补足语时，采用it作形式宾语的句型。例：
a.代表不定式：She found it very difficult to answer the question.
He feels it his duty to help others.
b.代表动名词：We think it no use crying over spilt milk.
Do you consider it any good sending more people over?
c.代表宾语从句：We have made it clear that everyone must attend the meeting.
I think it necessary that he should do so.
3.用在强调句型中：结构为“It is/was +被强调部分+that/who +其它”，被强调部分不论是主语、宾语或状语都用that，不能用其它连词，但如果指人时，可以用who。例：
a.强调主语:It was the teachers that (who) held a meeting yesterday.
b.强调宾语:It was a meeting that the teachers held yesterday.
c.强调状语:It was yesterday that the teachers held a meeting.
说明:a.强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数,其中is既可强调现在的情况,也可强调过去的情况,was只能强调过去的情况.例:It was/is yesterday that I met your father in the street.
b.强调句要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题.例:
It is they who are our friends.
It was not until ten o’clock that we got home last night.
c.注意不要混淆强调句和其它从句.It is/was…that 为强调句标志,去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子,只是没被强调,而其它从句一般不具有这一特征.例:
It was ten o’clock when we got home last night.
It was at ten o’clock that we got home last night.
第一句不是强调句,when不可改为that,因为去掉it was 和when后,只能组成We got home ten o’clock last night.这样一个不完整的句子;第二句是强调句,that不能改为when.
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